Kev sib tham ntawm optimizing PDC laum me ntsis kev ua tau zoo kom ua tiav drilling ceev nce
Hauv kev lag luam drilling, muab kev ua si tag nrho rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm PDC (polycrystalline pob zeb diamond sib xyaw) laum khoom yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm drilling. Daim ntawv no yuav tshawb nrhiav cov ntsiab lus ncaj qha uas cuam tshuam rau qhov drilling ceev nce ntawm PDC laum cov khoom, thiab txheeb xyuas qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev drilling siab, kev sib hloov ceev thiab cov hniav ceev ntawm qhov drilling ceev thiab hnav ntawm PDC laum cov khoom los tshawb txog qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm PDC laum me ntsis thiab lawv cov txheej txheem hnav.
Cov kev tshawb fawb theoretical tau pom tias qhov drilling siab (xws li qhov tob tob ntawm qhov laum me ntsis) thiab kev sib hloov ceev yog qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau lub tshuab drilling ceev ntawm lub laum me ntsis, thiab feem ntau muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob qho tib si thiab cov tshuab drilling ceev. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev siv tiag tiag, cov lus teb tsis yog kab feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm qhov drilling siab thiab cov tshuab drilling ceev. Cov kws tshaj lij hauv teb feem ntau lees paub qhov no rau kev xyaum me ntsis tsis ua haujlwm lossis tsim cov yam ntxwv, tab sis qhov tseeb, yog vim li cas yog "tsis xws luag" yam tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm drilling.
Cov xwm txheej no suav nrog:
1.Qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub laum me ntsis suav nrog axial, torsional, lateral vibrations ntawm lub laum me ntsis (vortex, stick-slip, laum dhia, thiab lwm yam), kev tu hauv qab tsis zoo, cov av nkos ntawm cov hniav txiav los yog laum me ntsis, tsim heterogeneity, thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm pob zeb tawg txoj kev.
2.Non- xyaum me ntsis yam uas cuam tshuam rau lub zog drilling cov tswv yim suav nrog cov qauv geological nyuaj uas txwv tsis pub siv cov downhole fais fab drilling cov cuab yeej, downhole tubing buckling nyhuv, tsis tshua muaj torsional txwv ntawm sab saum toj tsav thiab cov cuab yeej, loj zoo inclination lub kaum sab xis yuav tsum tau lub teeb siab thiab hoisting, MWD thiab lwm yam cuab yeej cuab tam sau, thiab pob zeb nqa thiab siab txhawb cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv ntev horizon.
Field practice abroad shows that under high drilling pressure (>200 kN), qhov drilling ceev ntawm PDC laum cov khoom tau txhim kho zoo yam tsis muaj kev hnav. Qhov kev tshawb pom no tsis yog qhov "tsis tshua muaj qhov drilling siab, kev kub ceev" PDC laum me ntsis siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus uas cov kws tshaj lij hauv Suav teb tau ua ntev ntev. Qhov kev xav tias "qhov siab dua qhov drilling siab, qhov me me ntawm qhov xyaum me ntsis" tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm txoj kab ntsug turret tshuab dhos txiav granite ntub sib tsoo xeem (VTL xeem). Cov txiaj ntsig kev sim qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv tib qhov kev txiav, qhov ntau dua qhov tob tob ntawm PDC txiav cov hniav (sawv cev rau qhov siab dua qhov drilling), qhov me dua qhov ntim ntim, uas ua pov thawj qhov tseeb ntawm qhov kev xav.
1.Thaum PDC laum me ntsis nyob rau hauv lub xeev pob zeb tawg, ua kom lub siab drilling tuaj yeem txo qhov kev xyaum me ntsis.
2 "PDC laum me ntsis + siab drilling siab" ua ke nrog downhole lub zog drilling cov cuab yeej (xws li siab torque screws, thiab lwm yam.) tuaj yeem ua kom cov neeg kho tshuab drilling ceev thiab txo cov laum me ntsis hnav.
3.In nyuaj pob zeb formations (xws li granite), cov neeg kho tshuab drilling ceev ntawm PDC laum me ntsis thiab lub siab drilling tseem tuav ib tug linear kev sib raug zoo, thiab ua rau lub drilling siab yuav ua tau zoo qeeb lub laum me ntsis hnav.
4.Qhov kev siv ntawm "PDC laum me ntsis + siab drilling siab" yog txwv los ntawm qhov tseeb drilling tej yam kev mob, tab sis nws yuav daws tau los ntawm advanced drilling tshuab thiab khoom siv.
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib hloov ceev thiab PDC cutter hnav tau kawm siv VTL xeem (PDC cutter txiav granite). Cov txiaj ntsig kev sim tau pom tias qhov hnav ntim ntawm PDC cutters nce nrog kev nce ntawm cov kab nrawm (kev sib hloov ceev), thiab thaum lub linear ceev tshaj qhov pib, qhov hnav ntim ntawm cov cutters tsis yog linearly cuam tshuam txog kev mus ncig, thiab tus nqi hnav nce ntxiv. National Oilwell Corporation txoj kev tshawb fawb pom tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm "kev kub ceev thiab qis qis-hauv", qhov kub ntawm cov cutters yuav nce sai, ua rau lawv hnav thiab ua tsis tiav nyob rau hauv ib qho luv luv mus txawv tebchaws. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov zoo tam sim no ntawm PDC cutters tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm qhov ntev - lub sij hawm thiab siv tau zoo drilling hauv feem ntau ntawm kev kub ceev ntawm 400-500 r / min. High-ceev zog drilling cuab yeej nrog PDC laum cov khoom kuj tau dhau los ua ib qho kev xaiv rau txawv teb chaws drilling. Vim li no, peb -kev kub ceev- nce kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm "kev siab drilling siab + kev kub ceev + cov hniav ntom ntom PDC laum me ntsis" tau thov. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas teb tau ua pov thawj tias qhov kev daws teeb meem no tau txhim kho zoo heev ntawm ib qho kev taug kev drilling footage thiab mechanical drilling ceev ntawm PDC laum khoom.
Txhawm rau tshawb nrhiav kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov hniav sib tsoo (ntau cov hniav, txiav cov hniav loj) thiab cov neeg kho tshuab nkag mus, kev sim teb tau ua nyob rau hauv Luojia block ntawm Shengli Oilfield. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias feem ntau siv φ19.0 mm composite piece plaub- hniav SK419-YS PDC laum me ntsis muaj qhov qis tshaj plaws kev nkag mus rau tus neeg kho tshuab, thaum lub φ19.0 mm composite piece tsib- hniav SK519-YS PDC xyaum zoo dua. Qhov siab tshaj plaws txhua yam nkag mus tau yog φ22.0 mm composite piece tsib-hniav SK522-YS PDC laum ntsis, uas tau txais ib tug loj hniav ceev txiav ceev-up tsim.
1.Qhov zoo ntawm "ob peb cov hniav, cov hniav loj" laum me ntsis tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev txhim kho qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas.
2.Raws li ntev li txaus drilling siab, torque, twj tso kua mis siab thiab hloov chaw yog muab los xyuas kom meej qhov dynamic tshuav ntawm "noj nyob rau hauv, txiav down thiab tawm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm", txawm ib tug siab - hniav ntom PDC laum me ntsis nrog "ntau cov hniav thiab cov hniav me me" tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab ceev drilling ntawm qhov siab - hniav density.
Raws li cov cuab yeej ntsuas VTL, kev sim sab hauv tsev tau ua tiav ntawm φ6.0 hli nano polycrystalline pob zeb diamond block (NPD) lub tog raj kheej. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias NPD tawg sai sai tom qab hu rau granite, thiab cov pob txha tawg kuj zoo nkauj. Piv nrog PDC cutters, txawm hais tias NPD muaj qhov nyuaj siab (NPD muaj qhov tawv ntawm 130-140 GPa, thaum PDC cutters muaj qhov tawv ntawm tsuas yog 50-70 GPa), NPD muaj qhov tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv thiab tseem nyuaj ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntau dua ntawm kev drilling thiab pob zeb tawg. Yog li ntawd, pob zeb tawg cov ntaub ntawv rau roj thiab roj drilling tsis tuaj yeem ua qhov muag tsis pom kev ua haujlwm siab, tab sis yuav tsum nrhiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws sib npaug ntawm hardness thiab toughness, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom siv zog thiab kev sib koom ua ke yuav tsum tau txhim kho tas li.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshem tawm cobalt ntawm kev hnav tsis kam thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm PDC cutters tau kawm siv VTL xeem. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qhov hnav tsis kam thiab thermal stability ntawm PDC cutters tau zoo dua tom qab decobalting, tab sis qhov cuam tshuam tsis kam ntawm decobalted PDC cutters yog qhov tsis zoo. Kev hnav sai ntawm PDC cutters yog nyob ntawm ob qho xwm txheej: ib qho yog tias cov cutters muaj qhov sib tsoo loj thiab cov npoo sib tsoo tau nkag mus rau qhov tsis yog -decobalted cheeb tsam; lwm qhov yog tias cov cua sov tsim los ntawm kev sib txhuam ntawm cov npoo sib tsoo thiab cov pob zeb txaus. Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov kev ntsuas kev ua kom zoo dua qub (ua kom qhov drilling siab, nce kev hloov pauv, thiab lwm yam) ntawm thawj theem ntawm PDC cutters nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov dej kom txo tau qhov kev mus ncig uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tau raws li cov duab kos, thiab kom tau raws sij hawm tso tawm cov txiav thiab kev sib txhuam thaum tshav kub kub, yog li txo qhov hnav ntawm cov cutters.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, peb tuaj yeem kos cov lus xaus hauv qab no:
1.Increasing drilling siab tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov drilling ceev.
2.Drilling parameter txhim kho yog tsim rau cov pob zeb nyuaj kom nce.
3.Qhov kev sib hloov ceev yuav ua rau cov neeg kho tshuab drilling ceev ntawm lub laum me ntsis.
4.Tooth density (ntau cov hniav, cutter loj, hniav sib nrug, thiab lwm yam) yog ib qho ntawm feem cuam tshuam rau cov neeg kho tshuab drilling ceev ntawm PDC laum cov khoom, tab sis nws tsis yog ib qho ncaj qha.
5.Tam sim no, qhov hnav tsis kam ntawm PDC cutters yog qhov zoo txaus los xyuas kom meej lub sijhawm ntev - lub sijhawm drilling ntawm cov khoom siv hauv cov pob zeb homogeneous nyuaj xws li sandstone thiab granite.
6.Thaum drilling nyob rau hauv dav formations, PDC cutters tsis tas yuav tsum tau decobalted los yog tsuas xav tau nruab nrab decobalting. Rau kev tsim abrasive heev, nws raug pom zoo kom siv PDC cutters nrog zoo thermal stability thiab muaj zog hnav tsis kam, thiab sib sib zog nqus decobalting.
